Includes bibliographical references and glossary.

MODULE 1: SPHERES OF THE EARTH -- Lithosphere -- Hydrosphere -- Biosphere -- Atmosphere -- MODULE 2: INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY -- Ecosystems -- Limiting Factors -- MODULE 3: ECOSYSTEM AND THE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION -- MODULE 4: BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS -- Components of the Ecosystem -- MODULE 5: DISTRIBUTION OF LIVING THINGS/BIOMES -- Different Types of Biomes -- MODULE 6: POPULATION AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS -- MODULE 7: COMMUNITY ROLES AND HABITAT -- Niches -- MODULE 8: FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB -- MODULE 9: ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID -- Productivity in the Ecosystem -- MODULE 10: ENERGY IN THE ECOSYSTEM: LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS -- Laws of Thermodynamics -- MODULE 11: ENERGY TRANSFORMATION -- MODULE 12: BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES -- The Water Cycle -- The Carbon-Oxygen Cycle -- The Sulfur Cycle -- The Phosphorus Cycle -- The Nitrogen Cycle -- MODULE 13: FORESTS IN THE PHILIPPINES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE -- Importance of Forests -- MODULE 14: ROOTS AND EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION IN THE PHILIPPINES -- Causes of Deforestation in the Philippines -- Effects of Deforestation -- MODULE 15: ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS IN THE PHILIPPINES -- MODULE 16: CONSERVATION -- Types of Natural Resources -- Alternative Resources in the Philippines -- Soil Conservation -- Water Conservation -- Forest Conservation -- Wildlife Conservation -- MODULE 17: PHILIPPINE BIODIVERSITY -- Levels of Biodiversity -- Some of the Species near extinction -- Causes of Loss of Biodiversity -- MODULE 18: POLLUTIONS -- Types of Pollutions -- MODULE 19: METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL -- Sanitary Landfill -- Incineration -- Composting -- Zero Waste Management System -- Waste Management in the Philippines -- MODULE 20: GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND GLOBAL WARMING: BASIC CONCEPTS -- The Ozone Layer -- Problems in the Ozone Layer -- Different Ozone-Depleting Substances -- MODULE 21: EL NIÑO -- The Effects of El Niño in the Philippines -- MODULE 22: HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH -- Philippines population density -- Philippine age structure -- Age dependency ration -- Child dependency ratio -- Aged dependency ratio -- Factors Affecting Philippine Population -- Impacts of Philippine Population to its environment

Cadiz, A. P., & Macasil, T. A. (2021). Environmental science: A modular approach. Mindshapers Co., Inc.