Includes glossary and index.

Unit 1: Science, Chemistry, and Cells -- The Scientific Study of Life -- What is Life? -- The Tree of Life Includes Three Main Branches -- Scientists Study the Natural World -- The Chemistry of Life -- Atoms Make Up All Matter -- Chemical Bonds Link Atoms -- Water is Essential to Life -- Cells Have an Optimum pH -- Cells Contain Four Major Types of Organic Molecules -- Cells -- Cells Are the Units of Life -- Different Cell Types Characterize Life's Three Domains -- A Membrane Separates Each Cell from the Surroundings -- Eukaryotic Organelles Divide Labor -- The Cytoskeleton Supports Eukaryotic Cells -- Cells Stick Together and Communicate with One Another -- The Energy of Life -- All Cells Capture and Use Energy -- Networks of Chemical Reactions Sustain Life -- ATP Is Cellular Energy Currency -- Enzymes Speed Reactions -- Membrane Transport May Release Energy or Cost Energy -- Photosynthesis -- Life Depends on Photosynthesis -- Photosynthetic Pigments Capture Sunlight -- Chloroplasts Are the Sites of Photosynthesis -- Photosynthesis Occurs in Two Stages -- The Light Reactions Begin Photosynthesis -- The Carbon Reactions Produce Carbohydrates -- C3, C4 and CAM Plants Use Different Carbon Fixation Pathways -- Respiration and Fermentation -- Cells Use Energy in Food to Make ATP -- Cellular Respiration Includes Three Main Processes -- In Eukaryotic Cells, Mitochondria Produce Most ATP -- Glycolysis Breaks Down Glucose to Pyruvate -- Aerobic Respiration Yields Much More ATP than Glycolysis Alone -- How Many ATPs Can One Glucose Molecule Yields? -- Other Food Molecules Enter the Energy-Extracting Pathways -- Ferments Acquire ATP Only in Glycolysis -- Unit 2: DNA, Inheritance, and Biotechnology -- DNA Structure and Gene Function -- DNA Is a Double Helix -- DNA Stores Genetic Information: An Overview -- Transcription Uses a DNA Template to Build RNA -- Translation Builds the Protein -- Cells Regulate Gene Expression -- Mutations Change DNA -- Viruses Are Genes Wrapped in a Protein Coat -- Viruses Infect All Cell Types -- Drugs and Vaccines Help Fight Viral Infections -- Viroids and Prions Are Other Noncellular Infectious Agents -- DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis -- Cells Divide and Cells Die -- DNA Replication Precedes Cell Division -- Bacteria and Archaea Divide by Binary Fission -- Replicated Chromosomes Condense as a Eukaryotic Cell Prepares to Divide -- Mitotic Division Generates Exact Cell Copies -- Cancer Cells Divide Uncontrollably -- Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis -- Why Sex? -- Diploid Cells Contain Two Homologous Sets of Chromosomes -- Meiosis is Essential in Sexual Reproduction -- In Meiosis, DNA Replicates Once, but the Nucleus Divide Twice -- Meiosis Generates Enormous Variability -- Mitosis and Meiosis Have Different Functions: A Summary -- Errors Sometimes Occur in Meiosis -- Patterns of Inheritance -- Chromosomes Are Packets of Genetic Information: A Review -- Mendel's Experiments Uncovered Basic Laws of Inheritance -- The Two Alleles of a Gene End Up in Different Gametes -- Genes on Different Chromosomes Are Inherited Independently -- Genes on the Same Chromosomes May Be Inherited Together -- Inheritance Patterns Are Rarely Simple -- Sex-Linked Genes Have Unique Inheritance Patterns -- Pedigrees Show Modes of Inheritance -- Most Traits Are Influenced by the Environment and Multiple Genes -- DNA Technology -- DNA Technology Is Changing the World -- DNA Technology's Tool Apply to Individual Genes or Entire Genomes -- Stem Cells and Cloning Add New Ways to Copy Cells and Organisms -- Many Medical Tests and Procedures Use DNA Technology -- Unit 3: Evolution and Diversity -- Forces of Evolutionary Change -- Evolution Acts on Populations -- Evolutionary Thought Has Evolved for Centuries -- Natural Selection Molds Evolution -- Evolution Is Inevitable in Real Populations -- Natural Selection Can Shape Populations in Many Ways -- Sexual Selection Directly Influences Reproductive Success -- Evolution Occurs in Several Additional Ways -- Evidence of Evolution -- Clues to Evolution Lie in the Earth, Body Structures, and Molecules -- Fossils Record Evolution -- Biogeography Considers Species' Geographical Locations -- Anatomical Comparisons May Reveal Common Descent -- Embryonic Development Patterns Provide Evolutionary Clues -- Molecules Reveal Relatedness -- Speciation and Extinction -- What Is a Species? -- Reproductive Barriers Cause Species to Diverge -- Spatial Patterns Define Two Types of Speciation -- Speciation May Be Gradual or May Occur in Bursts -- Extinction marks the End of the Line -- Biological Classification Systems Are Based on Common Descent -- Evolution and Diversity of Microbial Life -- Life's Origin Remains Mysterious -- Prokaryotes Are a Biological Success Story -- Eukaryotic Cells and Multicellularity Arose More Than a Billion Years Ago -- Protists Are the Simplest Eukaryotes -- Fungi Are Essential Decomposers -- Evolution and Diversity of Plants -- Plants Have Changed the World -- Bryophytes Are the Simplest Plants -- Seedless Vascular Plants Have Xylem and Phloem but No Seeds -- Gymnosperms Are "Naked Seed" Plants -- Angiosperms Produce Seeds in Fruits -- Evolution and Diversity of Animals -- Animals Live Nearly Anywhere -- Sponges Are Simple Animals That Lack Differentiated Tissues -- Cnidarians Are Radially Symmetrical, Aquatic Animals -- Flatworms Have Bilateral Symmetry and Incomplete Digestive Tracts -- Mollusks Are Soft, Unsegmented Animals -- Annelids Are Segmented Worms -- Nematodes Are Unsegmented, Cylindrical Worms -- Arthropods Have Exoskeletons and Jointed Appendages -- Echinoderm Adults Have Five-Part, Radial Symmetry -- Most Chordates Are Vertebrates -- Chordate Diversity Extends from Water to Land to Sky -- Fossils and DNA Tell the Human Evolution Story -- Unit 4: Ecology -- Populations -- Ecology Is the Study of Interactions -- A Population's Size and Density Change Over Time -- Births and Deaths Help Determine Population Size -- Natural Selection Influences Life Histories -- Population Growth May Be Exponential or Logistic -- The Human Population Continues to Grow -- Communities and Ecosystems -- Organisms Interact Within Communities and Ecosystems -- Earth Has Diverse Climates -- Biomes Are Ecosystems with Distinctive Communities of Life -- Community Interactions Occur Within Each Biome -- Succession Is a Gradual Change in a Community -- Chemicals Cycle Within Ecosystems -- Preserving Biodiversity -- Earth's Biodiversity is Dwindling -- Many Human Activities Destroy Habitats -- Pollution Degrades Habitats -- A Global Climate Change Alters and Shifts Habitats -- Exotic Invaders and Overexploitation Devastates Many Species -- Some Biodiversity May Be Recoverable -- Unit 5: Plant Anatomy and Physiology -- Plant Form and Function -- Vegetative Plant Parts Include Stem, Leaves, and Roots -- Soil and Air Provide Water and Nutrients -- Plant Cells Build Tissues -- Tissues Build Stems, Leaves, and Roots -- Plants Have Flexible Growth Patterns, Thanks to Meristems -- Vascular Tissue Transports Water, Minerals, and Sugar -- Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants -- Angiosperms Reproduce Sexually and Asexually -- The Angiosperm Life Cycle Includes Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds -- Plant Growth Begins with Seed Germination -- Hormones Regulate Plant Growth and Development -- Light Is a Powerful Influence on Plant Life -- Plants Respond to Gravity and Touch -- Unit 6: Animal Anatomy and Physiology -- Animal Tissues and Organ Systems -- Specialized Cells Build Animal Bodies -- Animal Consists of Four Tissue Types -- Organ Systems Are Interconnected -- Organ Systems Interactions Promote Homeostasis -- Animals Regulate Body Temperature -- The Nervous System and the Senses -- The Nervous System Forms a Rapid Communication Network -- Neurons Are the Functional Units of a Nervous System -- Action Potentials Convey Messages -- Neurotransmitters Pass the Message from Cell to Cell -- The Central Nervous System Consists of Nerve Cells Outside the Central Nervous System -- The Central Nervous System Consists of the Spinal Cord and Brain -- The Senses Connects the Nervous System with the Outside World -- The General Senses Detect Touch, Temperature, and Pain -- The Senses of Smell and Taste Detect Chemicals -- Vision Depends on Light-Sensitive Cells -- The Sense of Hearing Begins in the Ears -- The Endocrine System -- The Endocrine System Uses Hormones to Communicate -- Hormones Stimulate Responses in Target Cells -- The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Oversee Endocrine Control -- Hormones from Many Glands Regulate Metabolism -- Hormones from the Ovaries and Testes Control Reproduction -- Muscle Fiber Types Influence Athletic Performance -- The Skeletal and Muscular Systems -- Skeletons Take Many Forms -- The Vertebrate Skeleton Features a Central Backbone -- Bones Provide Support, Protect Internal Organs, and Supply Calcium -- Muscle Movement Requires Contractile Proteins and ATP -- Muscle Cells Generate ATP in Multiple Ways -- The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems -- Blood Plays a Central Role in Maintaining Homeostasis -- Animal Circulatory Systems Range from Simple to Complex -- Blood Circulates Through the Heart and Blood Vessels -- The Human Heart Is a Muscular Pump -- Blood Vessels From the Circulation Pathway -- The Human Respiratory System Delivers Air to the Lungs -- Breathing Requires Pressure Changes in the Lungs -- Red Blood Cells Carry Most Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide -- The Digestive and Urinary Systems -- Animals Maintain Nutrient, Water, and Ion Balance -- Digestive Systems Derive Energy and Raw Materials from Food -- A Varied Diet Is Essential to Good Health -- Body Weight Reflects Food Intake and Activity Level -- Most Animals Have a Specialized Digestive Tract -- The Human Digestive System Consists of Several Organs -- Animals Eliminate Nitrogenous Wastes and Regulate Water and Ion -- The Urinary System Produces, Stores, and Eliminates Urine -- Nephrons Remove Wastes and Adjust the Composition of Blood -- The Immune System -- Many Cells, Tissues, and Organs Defend the Body -- Innate Defenses Are Nonspecific and Act Early -- Adaptive Immunity Defends Against Specific Pathogens -- Vaccines Jump-Start Immunity -- Several Disorders Affect the Immune System -- Animal Reproduction and Development -- Animal Development Begins with Reproduction -- Males Produce Sperm Cells -- Females Produce Egg Cells -- Reproductive Health Considers Contraception and Disease -- The Human Infant Begins Life as a Zygote

Hoefnagels, M. (2019). Biology: The essentials (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.